What Caused The Extinction Of Permian Period ?

Milind Selote
I am writting this article to reveal ,What Caused The Extinction Of  Permian period ? 

The great dying also referred to as the permian-triassic extinction or the great

Permian extinction.

The great permian extinction

About 252 million years ago, here on earth something went horribly wrong. After life had been developing to new heights. Fred Moses believes old era 252 million years ago, AB 96% of all marine species and 70% of all terrestrial vertebrate species vanished.

 The reason as to how 57% of all biological families and easily 3 percent of all generation became extinct is something ,we still aren't too sure about today. 

At the start of the Permian period, the Earth's atmosphere was richland of oxygen to 23% or carbon dioxide levels are around 900 parts per million about over 2 times the current levels.

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 The average surface temperature was about 16 degrees and sea levels were at 60 meters below their present. The climate in the Permian period was quite varied. 

At the start of the Permian period the earth was still in an ice age which began earlier in the Carboniferous period the most prominent and noticeable change. 

The Permian brought was the formation of a new supercontinent Pangaea glaciers receded around the mid Permian as the climate gradually want due to the formation of the supercontinent Pangaea. 

Diannasorrous extinction

This was the main change during the Permian affirmation of a supercontinent created vast amounts desert land on earth. As the rain clouds weren't able to reach that far inland and soon the land dried in a few thousand years.

 When gia dried out in a fast desert larger than any ever seen on earth, would form to be specific on Pangaea, there formed two deserts as Gondwana and Laurasia merged together in the early permian. 

A mountain range formed between them separating a northern and a southern desert, the Permian saw the completion of a saga that had been going on since the

Carboniferous.

The rise of the reptiles  like the Metro Dawn's dominated the early permian while they diversed more towards the end of the Permian. The new dry desert environment was perfect for reptiles to thrive in scutosaurus decided on gorgonopsids and other strife here despite harsh conditions. 

Life remained doing well then 252 million years ago on the end of the Permian started the Triassic period all of this collapsed in the greatest mass extinction live on earth has ever seen unlike the meteor that wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago.

 But course for the Permian extinction is less clear not only because it happened far longer ago but also because in all likelihood there wasn't a single cause the Permian extinction likely started with one Kickstarter event that put into motion.

 A tragic sequence leading to the great dying the sequence and its trigger have puzzled scientists ever since the first evidence for the event was first discovered.

 One of the first Clues we got was from sedimentary rocks pointing to a rapid increase in the earth's temperature at the end of the Permian. The temperatures might have risen as much as 11 degrees centigrade in a short amount of time.

 This was already evidence against an asteroid strike being the cause as the ash of the impact would have blocked the Sun and cause temperatures to fall rather and rise on top of that an asteroid impact would cause an extinction really fast .

While the fossil record suggests the great dying are smeared over at least 150 thousand years of time. The next most obvious target would be something not from space but from the earth itself.

 Volcanic activity has proven to be cataclysmic but for a volcanic cause the Permian extinction that would have to have been some unseen magnitudes of it enter the Siberian traps.

 This is a large region of volcanic rock in Siberia Russia, the massive eruptive event that formed the traps is one of the largest known. Volcanic mansions has a cure in earth in the last 500 million years.

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 Eruptions here continued for over two million years, they were right on top of the Permian.252 million years ago a giant blob of magma build up beneath the Siberian crust. The number of volcanoes at the time must have been insufficient to vent the heath and pressure as the entire crust would begin to bulge upwards until it cracked.

 The result in magma eruption was unseen in the Earth's history. the entire landscape would have erupted and turned into a sea of lava. life right there would have been incinerated instantly an eruption like this is called a basal thought and involves the landscape being covered in mold Rock.

The Siberian traps release enough lava to cover an area. the size of the mainland United States beneath a kilometer of molten rock besides lava.

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Volcanoes released lots of  ash and gasses, the ash will cover much larger area than the lava being released into the atmosphere and snowing down upon the surrounding area for regular volcanic eruptions. this can be to hundreds of kilometers from the volcano in case of the Siberian eruptions.

This was global world wide ,it's snowed volcanic ash. the hot toxic snow burned and killed the plants.

 The gases released made even worse than it already was much sulfur and carbon dioxide was released by the eruption of sulfur dioxide mixed with water in the atmosphere forms acid rain.

The volcanic ash and acid rain spelled doom for the vegetation on earth dying plants meant starving plant eaters and the carnivores that eat them at this point 10% of the Earth's biodiversity was already gone but the collapse of the food chain was only the beginning of the greatest mass extinction.

 The earth has ever seen not all the gas came down on earth as acid rain. most of the carbon dioxide stayed in the atmosphere as we all know carbon dioxide is a big bad greenhouse gas.

 Global warming due to carbon dioxide release is naturally kept in check by plans absorbing the CO2 back from the atmosphere but the plans were dying globally and the carbon dioxide levels surge it's estimated that the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere during the eruptions what 20 times higher than today. 

Post-industrial 400 parts per million that is so 2,000 parts per million of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, it wasn't before long that temperatures began to rise due to this at this large concentrations of carbon dioxide and hence  global warming goes wild in a very short amount of time.

 The temperature rose by as much as 5 degrees may not sound as much to us but it was absolutely devastating to the I ,aspire most biomes were completely  shifted if not destroyed at all by it.

At this point extinction rates rose to 40% but it got worse even still the rise in temperatures warmed the oceans marine life is even more sensitive to temperature changes than terrestrial fauna. 

The warmer atmosphere stripped the oceans of oxygen, most of the oceans became stagnant and pretty much everything except algae died.

 Coral reefs try to bites predators everything was gone and in the new oxygen-deprived oceans anaerobic bacteria such as pink algae took over the anaerobic bacteria that took over released hydrogen sulphite into the oceans. 

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As a consequence the oceans would turn pink due to this gas being released and during the Permian extinction, I look at Earth from space would have revealed a rare view of shallow pinkish seas .

 CO2 deposited and the ocean floors was released as a minor runaway greenhouse effect started to take action on earth on the ocean floor. methane hydrate deposits which are a frozen form of methane stored at the ocean floor got released due to the warmer water.

 Methane hydrate is a really interesting molecule where hydrates have an capsule methane within a crystal structure of water forming a solid similar to ice methane ,

 because it still contains methane and methane is a greenhouse gas to at least 20 times deadlier than carbon dioxide and the warmer water in the oceans caused the crystal capsule around the methane 2 degree freeze releasing the methane into the atmosphere.

 This caused the temperature to rise another 6 degrees and 11 degree rise in the earth's temperature was cataclysmic for species on earth the earth was now 42 degrees in average. 

Where the temperature finally stopped rising unable to adapt to the temperature rise 93% of life on Earth cease to exist with 42 degrees. earth also come on the verge of a runaway greenhouse effect for people who have seen my what went wrong. 

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 how disastrous this would have been and knowing ? we came only 5 degrees short of triggering it on earth is something to think about in the new hot desolate world that remained only a few animals survived by scavenging. 

Everything left and hiding underground further everything else was dead.

the Siberian eruptions continued for 500,000 years spewing out lava ash and gases and when they eventually stopped it took the earth two million years to recover 

and temperatures to return to slightly normal for vegetation to return it took about five million years and for biodiversity to recover it took about ten million from the surviving species in the following Triassic period arose

 the dinosaurs as the new dominant species on the planet and that's how the Earth's greatest mass extinction 252 million years ago happened a five hundred thousand year long basalt flood that but in motion a chain of events that spelled doom for species on earth at the time.

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